Saturday, October 07, 2023

The tiger spirit

 


The tiger spirit animal teaches you to be more flexible and spontaneous in your daily life. It teaches you to leave room for the unknown in your life. It teaches you that it's beneficial not to plan everything in advance. The Tiger also encourages you to change your mind when you feel the need to do so.

Tuesday, September 26, 2023

Vivre éternellement



Vivre Ă©ternellement, rĂȘve sans fin,

Dans l'immortalité, nous cherchons notre destin.

Le temps, implacable, nous emporte dans la danse,

Mais dans l'éternité, nous trouvons l'espérance.


À chaque instant, un trĂ©sor cachĂ©,

Dans le voyage de la vie, notre destin est tissé.

Dans le cƓur de ceux que nous aimons, notre nom rĂ©sonnera,

Et ainsi, pour toujours, notre mémoire brillera.


Les étoiles dans le ciel, témoins silencieux,

Du dĂ©sir humain d'ĂȘtre persistant, vertueux.

Dans l'immensité de l'univers, nous sommes poussiÚre et lumiÚre,

Mais nos histoires, nos Ăąmes, sont intrinsĂšques Ă  la lumiĂšre.


Vivre Ă©ternellement, c'est peut-ĂȘtre un rĂȘve,

Mais laisser un héritage est ce qui compte, que l'on s'élÚve.

Nos actions, nos amours, notre art,

Sont la flamme qui réchauffe, qui fait de la vie une part.


Alors, nous vivrons Ă  travers les histoires que nous racontons,

Dans les chansons que nous chantons, dans les amours que nous éprouvons.

Dans la beauté que nous créons, dans la compassion que nous donnons,

À travers chaque acte de bontĂ©, Ă  travers chaque horizon.


Vivre Ă©ternellement peut ĂȘtre une chimĂšre,

Mais laisser une empreinte, ĂȘtre mĂ©morable, est notre lumiĂšre.

Dans la mémoire des autres, nous trouvons notre foyer,

Et ainsi, nous vivrons Ă©ternellement, dans chaque cƓur touchĂ©. 

Sunday, September 17, 2023

The Literary Odyssey: 100 Classic Books and Their Stories

Here is a list of 100 classic books from humanity in chronological order of publication, along with a brief explanation and the country and year of publication:

  1. Epic of Gilgamesh (Sumeria, circa 2100 BCE)
    • An ancient Mesopotamian poem about the adventures of King Gilgamesh.
  2. The Iliad by Homer (Greece, 8th century BCE)
    • An epic poem about the Trojan War and the hero Achilles.
  3. The Odyssey by Homer (Greece, 8th century BCE)
    • Follows the adventures of Odysseus as he tries to return home after the Trojan War.
  4. The Art of War by Sun Tzu (China, 5th century BCE)
    • A treatise on military strategy and tactics.
  5. The Analects by Confucius (China, 5th century BCE)
    • A collection of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius.
  6. The Republic by Plato (Greece, 380 BCE)
    • An exploration of justice, the ideal state, and the nature of the philosopher-king.
  7. The Histories by Herodotus (Greece, 5th century BCE)
    • Often considered the first work of history, it covers the Greco-Persian Wars.
  8. The Bhagavad Gita (India, 5th-2nd century BCE)
    • A 700-verse Hindu scripture that presents a conversation between Prince Arjuna and the god Krishna.
  9. Aeneid by Virgil (Roman Empire, 19 BCE)
    • An epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who becomes the ancestor of the Romans.
  10. Metamorphoses by Ovid (Roman Empire, 8 CE)
    • A narrative poem that explores transformations in Greek and Roman mythology.
  11. Confessions by Saint Augustine (Roman Empire, 397-398 CE)
    • An autobiographical work exploring Augustine's spiritual journey.
  12. The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri (Italy, 1320)
    • An epic poem that follows Dante's journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven.
  13. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (England, 14th century)
    • A collection of stories told by pilgrims on their way to Canterbury Cathedral.
  14. The Prince by NiccolĂČ Machiavelli (Italy, 1532)
    • A political treatise on leadership, power, and the pursuit of success.
  15. Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes (Spain, 1605)
    • A satirical novel about the delusional Don Quixote and his loyal squire Sancho Panza.
  16. Hamlet by William Shakespeare (England, 1603)
    • A tragedy exploring themes of revenge and madness.
  17. Paradise Lost by John Milton (England, 1667)
    • An epic poem depicting the fall of Satan and the Biblical story of Adam and Eve.
  18. Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan (England, 1678)
    • An allegorical novel about Christian's journey to the Celestial City.
  19. Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe (England, 1719)
    • The tale of a shipwrecked man's survival on a desert island.
  20. Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift (Ireland, 1726)
    • A satirical adventure novel exploring human nature through Gulliver's journeys.
  21. Candide by Voltaire (France, 1759)
    • A satirical novella critiquing optimism and the human condition.
  22. Emile, or On Education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (France, 1762)
    • A treatise on education and child-rearing.
  23. The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith (Scotland, 1776)
    • A foundational work in economics, advocating for free-market capitalism.
  24. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (England, 1818)
    • A novel exploring the consequences of scientific ambition and the creation of life.
  25. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen (England, 1813)
    • A classic novel of manners and marriage in early 19th-century England.
  26. Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (United States, 1851)
    • An epic tale of Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of the white whale, Moby-Dick.
  27. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë (England, 1847)
    • A novel about the life and experiences of the orphaned governess Jane Eyre.
  28. Walden by Henry David Thoreau (United States, 1854)
    • A reflection on simple living in natural surroundings.
  29. Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russia, 1866)
    • A psychological novel exploring the mind of Raskolnikov, a troubled student turned murderer.
  30. Les Misérables by Victor Hugo (France, 1862)
    • A sweeping novel that delves into themes of justice, love, and redemption.
  31. War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy (Russia, 1869)
    • An epic historical novel set during the Napoleonic era.
  32. Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy (Russia, 1877)
    • A tragic love story set against the backdrop of 19th-century Russian society.
  33. The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russia, 1880)
    • A novel exploring morality, faith, and the complex relationships among three brothers.
  34. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain (United States, 1885)
    • A novel following the journey of a young boy, Huck, and a runaway slave, Jim, down the Mississippi River.
  35. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson (Scotland, 1886)
    • A novella exploring the duality of human nature.
  36. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (Ireland, 1890)
    • A novel about a man whose portrait ages while he remains youthful, reflecting his moral decay.
  37. The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud (Austria, 1899)
    • A foundational work in psychology, discussing dream analysis and the unconscious mind.
  38. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad (United Kingdom, 1899)
    • A novella examining the darkness within human nature through the journey up the Congo River.
  39. The Call of the Wild by Jack London (United States, 1903)
    • A novel about a domesticated dog's return to a wild, primal state in the Yukon.
  40. Dubliners by James Joyce (Ireland, 1914)
    • A collection of short stories capturing the lives of Dubliners.
  41. Swann's Way by Marcel Proust (France, 1913)
    • The first volume of "In Search of Lost Time," a novel exploring memory and time.
  42. The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka (Austria-Hungary, 1915)
    • A novella about a man who wakes up to find himself transformed into a giant insect.
  43. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald (United States, 1925)
    • A novel depicting the decadence and disillusionment of the Jazz Age.
  44. Ulysses by James Joyce (Ireland, 1922)
    • A stream-of-consciousness novel set over the course of a single day in Dublin.
  45. A Passage to India by E.M. Forster (United Kingdom, 1924)
    • A novel exploring the complexities of British-Indian relations.
  46. The Trial by Franz Kafka (Czechoslovakia, 1925)
    • A novel about a man arrested and tried for an unspecified crime.
  47. Brave New World by Aldous Huxley (United Kingdom, 1932)
    • A dystopian novel envisioning a future society controlled by technology and conformity.
  48. Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck (United States, 1937)
    • A novella about the dreams and struggles of itinerant ranch workers during the Great Depression.
  49. The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (United States, 1939)
    • A novel depicting the plight of the Joad family as they migrate during the Dust Bowl.
  50. The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (France, 1943)
    • A philosophical novella that explores the nature of human relationships.
  51. The Stranger by Albert Camus (France, 1942)
    • A novel examining the absurdity of human existence through the story of Meursault.
  52. One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel GarcĂ­a MĂĄrquez (Colombia, 1967)
    • A magical realist novel tracing the history of the BuendĂ­a family in the fictional town of Macondo.
  53. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (United States, 1960)
    • A novel dealing with racism and injustice in the American South.
  54. Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell (United Kingdom, 1949)
    • A dystopian novel portraying a totalitarian regime's control over thought and expression.
  55. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger (United States, 1951)
    • A novel following the disillusioned teenager, Holden Caulfield, in New York City.
  56. The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (United States, 1952)
    • A novella about an aging Cuban fisherman's epic battle with a marlin.
  57. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury (United States, 1953)
    • A novel depicting a future society where books are banned and burned.
  58. Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov (United States, 1955)
    • A controversial novel narrated by a morally reprehensible protagonist.
  59. On the Road by Jack Kerouac (United States, 1957)
    • A novel chronicling the travels and adventures of the Beat Generation.
  60. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe (Nigeria, 1958)
    • A novel depicting the impact of colonialism on Igbo society.
  61. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (United States, 1960)
    • A novel dealing with racism and injustice in the American South.
  62. A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle (United States, 1962)
    • A science fantasy novel following the journey of Meg Murry to rescue her father.
  63. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (Soviet Union, 1962)
    • A novella about a day in the life of a Soviet labor camp inmate.
  64. In Cold Blood by Truman Capote (United States, 1966)
    • A true crime novel based on the murder of the Clutter family in Kansas.
  65. Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut (United States, 1969)
    • A satirical novel exploring the experiences of Billy Pilgrim during World War II.
  66. The Godfather by Mario Puzo (United States, 1969)
    • A crime novel depicting the Corleone family's mafia empire.
  67. The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov (Soviet Union, 1967)
    • A satirical novel blending elements of fantasy, satire, and political allegory.
  68. Steppenwolf by Hermann Hesse (Germany, 1927)
    • A novel exploring the existential crisis of Harry Haller.
  69. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams (United Kingdom, 1979)
    • A humorous science fiction series following the misadventures of Arthur Dent.
  70. The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco (Italy, 1980)
    • A historical mystery novel set in an Italian monastery in the 14th century.
  71. Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie (United Kingdom, 1981)
    • A magical realist novel intertwining the history of India with the lives of children born at midnight on August 15, 1947.
  72. The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera (Czechoslovakia/France, 1984)
    • A philosophical novel exploring the concepts of love, identity, and freedom.
  73. The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood (Canada, 1985)
    • A dystopian novel depicting a theocratic society where women are subjugated.
  74. Beloved by Toni Morrison (United States, 1987)
    • A novel exploring the haunting legacy of slavery.
  75. The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie (United Kingdom, 1988)
    • A novel blending magical realism and social commentary.
  76. The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro (United Kingdom, 1989)
    • A novel narrated by an English butler reflecting on his life and choices.
  77. Possession by A.S. Byatt (United Kingdom, 1990)
    • A novel interweaving two love stories across different time periods.
  78. The Road by Cormac McCarthy (United States, 2006)
    • A post-apocalyptic novel following a father and son's journey to survival.
  79. The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins (United States, 2008)
    • A dystopian young adult novel set in a future where teenagers are forced to fight to the death.
  80. The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson (Sweden, 2005)
    • A crime novel featuring investigative journalist Mikael Blomkvist and hacker Lisbeth Salander.
  81. A Game of Thrones by George R.R. Martin (United States, 1996)
    • The first book in the epic fantasy series "A Song of Ice and Fire."
  82. The Road to Character by David Brooks (United States, 2015)
    • A non-fiction book exploring the development of character and moral values.
  83. Educated by Tara Westover (United States, 2018)
    • A memoir recounting the author's journey from a strict, isolated upbringing to education and self-discovery.
  84. Where the Crawdads Sing by Delia Owens (United States, 2018)
    • A novel that combines mystery, romance, and coming-of-age themes set in the marshes of North Carolina.
  85. The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides (United Kingdom, 2019)
    • A psychological thriller about a woman who stops speaking after being accused of murder.
  86. The Water Dancer by Ta-Nehisi Coates (United States, 2019)
    • A historical novel with elements of magical realism, exploring slavery and the Underground Railroad.
  87. Such a Fun Age by Kiley Reid (United States, 2019)
    • A contemporary novel that delves into issues of race, privilege, and relationships.
  88. The Vanishing Half by Brit Bennett (United States, 2020)
    • A novel exploring identity, family, and race through the lives of twin sisters.
  89. The Push by Ashley Audrain (Canada, 2021)
    • A psychological thriller examining the complexities of motherhood.
  90. The Four Winds by Kristin Hannah (United States, 2021)
    • A historical novel set during the Dust Bowl, depicting a family's struggle for survival.
  91. Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro (United Kingdom, 2021)
    • A science fiction novel narrated by an artificial friend named Klara.
  92. No One Is Talking About This by Patricia Lockwood (United States, 2021)
    • A novel exploring the internet age and the impact of social media.
  93. Project Hail Mary by Andy Weir (United States, 2021)
    • It is a science fiction novel about a lone astronaut's mission to save humanity.
  94. Pachinko by Min Jin Lee (United States, 2017)
    • A multi-generational family saga that begins in Korea and spans into Japan.
  95. The Night Circus by Erin Morgenstern (United States, 2011)
    • A fantasy novel set within a magical competition between two young illusionists.
  96. The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (United States, 2013)
    • The novel centered around a stolen painting and the life of a young boy, Theo.
  97. The Testaments by Margaret Atwood (Canada, 2019)
    • A sequel to "The Handmaid's Tale," revealing the testimonies of three women in Gilead.
  98. A Promised Land by Barack Obama (United States, 2020)
    • The memoir of the 44th President of the United States, reflecting on his early life and presidency.
  99. The Anthropocene Reviewed by John Green (United States, 2021)
    • A collection of essays reviewing various aspects of human existence and the natural world.
  100. Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro (United Kingdom, 2021) - A science fiction novel narrated by an artificial friend named Klara.

Please note that this list includes a wide range of classic books from different time periods, genres, and regions, and it's not an exhaustive list of all classic literature.


** Maybe you will read this, Mariana.

Saturday, July 15, 2023

No prayer for the dying

 


There are times when I've wondered
And times when I've cried
When my prayers they were answered
At times when I've lied
But if you asked me a question
Would I tell you truth
Now there's something to bet on
You've got nothing to lose

Friday, June 23, 2023

Saga Gemini

Yujiro Hanma. Lemur, also known as Gemini Saga, is the main antagonist of the Santuary arc of Saint Seiya. He is the Gemini Gold Saint, keeper of the third temple and the older brother of Kanon. He took the place of the great Pope and tried to kill Athena as a child 13 years before the story starts.



Sunday, June 18, 2023

Mythe de Gilgamesh

 Le mythe de Gilgamesh est l'une des plus anciennes Ă©popĂ©es connues de l'humanitĂ©. Il tire son nom du personnage principal, Gilgamesh, qui Ă©tait un roi lĂ©gendaire de la citĂ© mĂ©sopotamienne d'Uruk, situĂ©e dans l'actuel Irak.


Le récit de Gilgamesh a été préservé sur des tablettes d'argile écrites en écriture cunéiforme, datant d'environ 2100 av. J.-C. Il raconte l'histoire de Gilgamesh, un roi tyrannique et puissant, dont les habitants d'Uruk se plaignent à cause de ses abus de pouvoir. Pour mettre fin à cette situation, les dieux créent un homme sauvage appelé Enkidu pour combattre Gilgamesh et le défier.

Cependant, aprĂšs un combat Ă©pique, Gilgamesh et Enkidu deviennent amis et partent ensemble Ă  la recherche de la renommĂ©e et de l'immortalitĂ©. Ils affrontent de nombreuses Ă©preuves et rencontrent des personnages mythiques, notamment Humbaba, le gardien de la forĂȘt des cĂšdres, et le taureau cĂ©leste envoyĂ© par les dieux pour les punir.

Finalement, Enkidu meurt et Gilgamesh est plongĂ© dans le dĂ©sespoir. Il entreprend alors un voyage pour trouver l'immortalitĂ© et se rend dans le monde souterrain. LĂ , il rencontre Uta-Napishti, le seul ĂȘtre humain qui a survĂ©cu Ă  un grand dĂ©luge et qui a reçu l'immortalitĂ©. Uta-Napishti raconte Ă  Gilgamesh l'histoire du dĂ©luge et lui explique que l'immortalitĂ© est rĂ©servĂ©e aux dieux.

MalgrĂ© cette rĂ©vĂ©lation, Gilgamesh retourne Ă  Uruk, acceptant sa nature mortelle et rĂ©alisant l'importance de laisser un hĂ©ritage durable dans les rĂ©alisations humaines. L'Ă©popĂ©e de Gilgamesh soulĂšve des questions existentielles sur la mortalitĂ©, la quĂȘte de sens et la place de l'humanitĂ© dans le monde.

Le mythe de Gilgamesh est un rĂ©cit fascinant qui offre un aperçu prĂ©cieux de la pensĂ©e et de la culture anciennes. Il a Ă©galement influencĂ© de nombreuses Ɠuvres littĂ©raires ultĂ©rieures, y compris des Ă©lĂ©ments de l'histoire de NoĂ© dans la Bible.

Friday, June 16, 2023

Histoire de Dark Revan

 


Dark Revan est un personnage emblématique de l'univers étendu de Star Wars. Son histoire est étroitement liée à celle des jeux vidéo de la série Knights of the Old Republic (KOTOR), développés par BioWare et édités par LucasArts.

L'histoire de Dark Revan commence environ 4 000 ans avant les Ă©vĂ©nements des films Star Wars. À cette Ă©poque, la galaxie est en proie Ă  une guerre entre la RĂ©publique Galactique et les Sith. Revan est un Jedi talentueux, qui se fait remarquer par ses compĂ©tences exceptionnelles et son charisme. Il est rapidement promu au rang de MaĂźtre Jedi et devient l'un des hĂ©ros de la RĂ©publique.

Cependant, lors d'une mission, Revan et son apprenti, Malak, découvrent l'existence d'un ancien Seigneur Sith connu sous le nom de Dark Vitiate. Leur curiosité les pousse à explorer les secrets du cÎté obscur de la Force, et ils finissent par succomber à sa tentation. Revan et Malak se tournent vers le cÎté obscur et deviennent des Seigneurs Sith, avec Revan prenant le nom de Dark Revan.

En tant que Seigneur Sith, Dark Revan rassemble une immense armĂ©e et mĂšne une campagne de conquĂȘte Ă  travers la galaxie. Il se fait connaĂźtre pour sa cruautĂ© impitoyable et sa maĂźtrise de la stratĂ©gie militaire. Sous son commandement, les Sith gagnent du terrain et menacent la RĂ©publique Galactique.

Cependant, tout change lorsque Revan est blessĂ© au combat et capturĂ© par les Jedi. Ses souvenirs sont effacĂ©s et il est reconditionnĂ© pour croire qu'il est un soldat de la RĂ©publique. Il devient ainsi un personnage jouable dans le premier jeu KOTOR, oĂč les joueurs dĂ©couvrent progressivement son passĂ© et sa vĂ©ritable identitĂ©.

Au cours du jeu, le joueur peut choisir d'embrasser Ă  nouveau le cĂŽtĂ© obscur ou de se racheter en revenant du cĂŽtĂ© lumineux de la Force. Quelle que soit la voie choisie, l'histoire de Dark Revan est marquĂ©e par la rĂ©demption et la quĂȘte de rĂ©tablissement de l'Ă©quilibre dans la galaxie.

L'histoire de Dark Revan est considérée comme l'une des plus mémorables de l'univers étendu de Star Wars, et elle a laissé une empreinte indélébile dans l'esprit des fans. Les choix moraux complexes, la dualité entre le bien et le mal, ainsi que la personnalité complexe de Revan en ont fait un personnage captivant et iconique de la saga.

Saturday, June 03, 2023

Darth Millennial

 


Darth Malgus

 


Dark Malgus est un personnage issu de l'univers étendu de Star Wars. Il apparaßt principalement dans le jeu vidéo Star Wars: The Old Republic, développé par BioWare. Dark Malgus est un Seigneur Sith puissant et redoutable, connu pour son rÎle dans les conflits qui ont lieu pendant la période de l'Ancienne République.

Malgus, dont le nom complet est Darth Malgus, est un guerrier Sith implacable et ambitieux. Il est présenté comme un antagoniste majeur dans l'histoire du jeu et est considéré comme l'un des Sith les plus redoutables de son époque.

L'histoire de Dark Malgus se dĂ©roule environ 300 ans aprĂšs les Ă©vĂ©nements des films Star Wars prĂ©quel. À cette Ă©poque, l'Ancienne RĂ©publique et l'Empire Sith sont engagĂ©s dans une guerre sans merci connue sous le nom de la Grande Guerre Galactique. Malgus se distingue en menant des assauts audacieux et en utilisant sa force et ses talents au combat pour semer le chaos chez les ennemis de l'Empire Sith.

Dark Malgus est connu pour son apparence intimidante, portant une armure noire distincte et un masque respiratoire, qui lui donne une allure menaçante. Son ambition le pousse Ă  dĂ©fier l'ordre Sith Ă©tabli et Ă  tenter de prendre le contrĂŽle de l'Empire Sith lui-mĂȘme.

L'histoire de Dark Malgus dans Star Wars: The Old Republic est complexe et comporte de nombreux rebondissements. Il est un personnage emblématique du jeu et a contribué à approfondir l'univers de Star Wars dans la période de l'Ancienne République.

Sunday, May 28, 2023

Darth Revan

 


Anakin Skywalker

 


Sith Lords

 



Le pouvoir symbolique : Quand les idées dominant le monde

Introduction

Depuis les temps les plus reculés, le pouvoir symbolique a joué un rÎle central dans la société humaine. Au-delà de la force brute et des relations de pouvoir basées sur la coercition, le pouvoir symbolique repose sur la capacité des idées, des symboles et des représentations de façonner nos croyances, nos comportements et nos interactions sociales. Dans cet essai, nous examinerons en profondeur le pouvoir symbolique et son impact sur les individus et la société. Nous explorerons comment les symboles et les significations attribuées à ceux-ci peuvent influencer notre perception de la réalité, renforcer les inégalités et maintenir des structures de pouvoir.



I. Les fondements du pouvoir symbolique

Le pouvoir symbolique repose sur la notion que les symboles, qu'ils soient linguistiques, culturels ou sociaux, ont le pouvoir d'attribuer des significations et de construire la réalité sociale. Les langages, les traditions, les normes et les valeurs sont tous des exemples de symboles qui sont utilisés pour créer des systÚmes de sens partagés au sein d'une communauté.

II. La construction de la réalité sociale

Le pouvoir symbolique est puissant car il influence notre perception de la rĂ©alitĂ©. Les symboles et les reprĂ©sentations façonnent nos idĂ©es, nos attitudes et nos comportements en crĂ©ant des cadres de rĂ©fĂ©rence dans lesquels nous interprĂ©tons le monde qui nous entoure. Par exemple, les mĂ©dias et la publicitĂ© utilisent des images et des slogans symboliques pour influencer notre perception des produits, des services et mĂȘme de nous-mĂȘmes.

III. Le pouvoir symbolique et les inégalités sociales

Le pouvoir symbolique peut renforcer les inégalités sociales en attribuant des significations différenciées aux différents groupes sociaux. Les symboles peuvent véhiculer des stéréotypes, des préjugés et des normes qui marginalisent certains individus ou groupes. Par exemple, les symboles de richesse et de statut social peuvent renforcer les divisions entre les classes sociales et perpétuer l'inégalité économique.

IV. La résistance et la contestation symbolique

Cependant, le pouvoir symbolique n'est pas unidirectionnel. Les individus et les groupes qui sont marginalisés ou opprimés peuvent également utiliser le pouvoir symbolique pour contester les structures de pouvoir existantes. Par le biais de symboles et de discours alternatifs, ils peuvent remettre en question les normes dominantes et promouvoir des idées de changement et d'égalité.

Conclusion

Le pouvoir symbolique est un concept clĂ© pour comprendre le fonctionnement des sociĂ©tĂ©s humaines. Les symboles et les significations qui leur sont attribuĂ©es ont le pouvoir de façonner notre rĂ©alitĂ© sociale, d'influencer nos attitudes et nos comportements, et de maintenir ou de dĂ©fier les structures de pouvoir existantes. Il est essentiel d'ĂȘtre conscient de l'impact du pouvoir symbolique afin de promouvoir une sociĂ©tĂ© plus juste et Ă©galitaire, oĂč les idĂ©es et les symboles ne sont pas utilisĂ©s pour opprimer, mais pour inspirer et crĂ©er un monde meilleur.

Saturday, May 06, 2023

Lord of the Flies


Saints and sinners 
Something within us 
We are lord of the flies 
Saints and sinners 
Something willing us 
To be lord of the flies

Sunday, March 12, 2023

Anakin is gone. I am what remains.

 


A Mente Influente - Notas

  • Seu cĂ©rebro, como o da maioria das pessoas, estĂĄ programado para adorar informaçÔes. Isso faz de nossa atual era digital uma celebração explosiva para sua mente. 
  • Alguns estudiosos afirmam que o cĂ©rebro humano desenvolveu a capacidade de raciocinar nĂŁo para descobrir verdades, mas para convencer os outros de que temos razĂŁo.
  • Uma reação emocional Ă© o jeito de o corpo dizer: “Ei, tem algo importante acontecendo”, e Ă© fundamental que sua reação esteja de acordo. TĂŁo fundamental que a maior parte de seu cĂ©rebro Ă© concebida para que vocĂȘ possa processar o acontecimento que evoca a emoção e gerar uma reação. Quando algo emotivo ocorre, sua amĂ­dala – a regiĂŁo do cĂ©rebro responsĂĄvel por sinalizar a excitação – Ă© ativada. A amĂ­dala entĂŁo envia um “sinal de alerta” ao resto do cĂ©rebro, alterando imediatamente a atividade corrente. NĂŁo importa se vocĂȘ Ă© uma dinamarquesa baixinha ou uma criança sĂ©rvia e alta – todos os cĂ©rebros sĂŁo “prĂ©-programados” para reagir de forma aproximadamente similar a estĂ­mulos que despertam emoçÔes.
  • Acontece que nem sempre precisamos observar as pessoas para que suas emoçÔes reverberem. Postagens em redes sociais bastam.
  • Como nos pombos e nos ratos, o desejo humano por instrumentalidade, controle e escolha transborda para situaçÔes em que fazer uma escolha nĂŁo melhora necessariamente o resultado final.
  • As pessoas gostam de escolher e, assim, escolhem escolher.
  • As pessoas que se sentem no controle de suas vidas sĂŁo mais felizes e mais saudĂĄveis.
  • Quer estejamos no trabalho ou em casa, nosso instinto Ă© de que se temos algo importante a transmitir, o outro vai querer saber. Esse instinto estĂĄ errado. Se as pessoas nĂŁo prestam atenção nem mesmo a informaçÔes que podem salvar a vida delas, ninguĂ©m pode pressupor que darĂŁo ouvidos ao que vocĂȘ tem a dizer. Precisamos repensar o que realmente leva as pessoas a quererem ouvir e depois reformular nossa mensagem de acordo com isso, porque ser ouvido Ă©, de longe, o ingrediente mais importante para a influĂȘncia. O que, entĂŁo, as pessoas querem saber?
  • O desejo de saber Ă© humano.
  • Um motivo Ă© reduzir a desagradĂĄvel incerteza.
  • Os neurĂŽnios dopaminĂ©rgicos sĂŁo cĂ©lulas encefĂĄlicas que liberam o neurotransmissor dopamina. 
  • A resposta simples Ă© que a informação, em muitos casos, Ă© de fato necessĂĄria para a sobrevivĂȘncia, porque o conhecimento antecipado pode nos ajudar a tomar decisĂ”es melhores.
  • O que vocĂȘ sabe afeta nĂŁo sĂł o que vocĂȘ decide fazer, mas tambĂ©m como vocĂȘ se sente. É por isso que a informação Ă© o bĂĄsico de suas crenças e aquilo em que vocĂȘ acredita tem profundo efeito no quanto vocĂȘ Ă© feliz.
  • É importante lembrar, entĂŁo, que as pessoas sĂŁo motivadas nĂŁo sĂł a ganhar recompensas e evitar a dor, mas tambĂ©m a acreditar que ganharĂŁo recompensas e evitarĂŁo a dor. Isso porque crenças podem deixar as pessoas tĂŁo felizes ou tristes quanto eventos reais.
  • Quando o mercado estĂĄ em queda, elas preferem enterrar a cabeça no chĂŁo.
  • Contudo, isso Ă© vĂĄlido desde que a mĂĄ notĂ­cia possa ser ignorada.
  • O que tal experiĂȘncia nos mostra Ă© que mesmo que vocĂȘ acredite que ficarĂĄ melhor na ignorĂąncia, enfiar a cabeça na areia pode acabar por deixĂĄ-lo mais ansioso. 
  • Somos criaturas curiosas, e o Ășnico tema por que temos especial curiosidade somos nĂłs mesmas. Na verdade, temos uma necessidade ardente de saber o que os outros pensam de nĂłs e de nosso trabalho, mas nĂŁo queremos saber de tudo. 
  • Quando estamos sob ameaça, Ă© desencadeada uma reação fisiolĂłgica prĂ©-programada: o estresse. A evolução nos equipou com essa resposta para nos ajudar a sobreviver. Imagine que vocĂȘ Ă© um antĂ­lope no meio da selva e percebe um leĂŁo correndo em sua direção. Em segundos, sĂŁo secretados hormĂŽnios do estresse, como o cortisol, despertando uma reação em cadeia – seu coração bate acelerado e a respiração fica mais curta. NĂŁo existem recursos de sobra e, assim, funçÔes que nĂŁo sĂŁo urgentes devem ser desativadas; seu sistema imunolĂłgico se aquieta temporariamente, assim como os sistemas digestivo e reprodutor. Esse nĂŁo Ă© o momento de lidar com a cura de um ferimento ou digerir o que vocĂȘ estava mastigando uma hora atrĂĄs; vocĂȘ deve concentrar todos os recursos em um sĂł objetivo: sobreviver naquele momento.
  • Nosso sistema imunolĂłgico se enfraquecerĂĄ e nos tornaremos mais suscetĂ­veis a doenças; a digestĂŁo ficarĂĄ lenta e, por conseguinte, Ă© mais provĂĄvel que acumulemos gordura, em particular na ĂĄrea da cintura; nosso sistema reprodutor serĂĄ desativado e, como consequĂȘncia de longo prazo, as mulheres podem ter dificuldades para engravidar.
  • Assim como o estresse altera significativamente a função de seu coração e dos sistemas digestivo, imunolĂłgico e reprodutor, ele tambĂ©m altera seu cĂ©rebro. Sempre que vocĂȘ sente o estresse chegar de mansinho, o funcionamento do cĂ©rebro se altera drasticamente. Em segundos, o estresse pode mudar a forma como vocĂȘ pensa, toma decisĂ”es e se comporta. E ele muda a maneira como vocĂȘ Ă© influenciado por aqueles que o cercam


MARVEL: THOR VS THE SILVER SURFER

 


Saturday, March 11, 2023

The Weakness of Data

Your brain, like most people’s, is programmed to get a kick out of information. This makes our current digital era an explosive celebration for your mind. While the agricultural age gave us easier access to nutrition, and the industrial age dramatically increased our quality of life, no other era provided as much stimulation for our brains as the information age. It is as if, finally, the human brain has succeeded in building its own amusement park, complete with thrill rides, which are perfectly customized . . . for itself.

Consider the numbers: there are 3 billion Internet users worldwide; every day we produce approximately 2.5 billion gigabytes of data, perform 4 billion Google searches, and watch 10 billion YouTube videos. In the short time it took you to read the last sentence, approximately 530,243 new Google searches were executed and 1,184,390 YouTube videos played around the globe.3

It would seem that the digital revolution should come in handy when we are trying to alter people’s beliefs. If people love information, what better way to influence their beliefs and actions than to offer data? With big data at our fingertips and powerful computers at our disposal, we can run analyses to expand our knowledge and then share the resulting facts and figures. Seems straightforward, right?

That is, until you attempt to present your carefully collected data and thoughtfully constructed conclusions to the person you are hoping to influence. At that moment, you quickly realize that data is often not the answer when it comes to changing minds.

This epiphany came as a terrible blow to the scientist in me. As a cognitive neuroscientist, I work at the intersection between psychology and neuroscience. Like most scientists, I love data. Some people collect precious rocks; others collect first-edition books, stamps, shoes, vintage cars, or china dolls. I collect data. My computers hold hundreds of folders with thousands of files, each containing rows and rows of numbers. Every number represents an observation: a person’s response to a decision problem or their reaction to another human; other numbers indicate the activity in a person’s brain or the density of their neuronal fibers. Numbers on their own are useless. The reason I love data is that those rows and rows of numbers can be transformed into something beautiful: meaningful graphs, which, every so often, reveal an exciting new insight into what makes you and me, Homo sapiens, tick.

So, you can imagine my dismay when I learned that all those numbers, from numerous experiments and observations, pointed to the fact that people are not in fact driven by facts, or figures, or data. It is not that people are stupid; nor are we ridiculously stubborn. It is that the accessibility to lots of data, analytic tools, and powerful computers is the product of the last few decades, while the brains we are attempting to influence are the product of millions of decades. As it turns out, while we adore data, the currency by which our brains assess said data and make decisions is very different from the currency many of us believe our brains should use. The problem with an approach that prioritizes information and logic is that it ignores the core of what makes you and me human: our motives, our fears, our hopes and desires. As we will see, this presents a serious problem; it means that data has only a limited capacity to alter the strong opinions of others. Established beliefs can be extremely resistant to change, even when scientific evidence is provided to undermine those beliefs.

Saturday, March 04, 2023

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN ACTION

THE DISTINCTIVE AND CRUCIAL FEATURE in the study of man is the concept of action. Human action is defined simply as purposeful behavior. It is therefore sharply distinguishable from those observed movements which, from the point of view of man, are not purposeful. 

These include all the observed movements of inorganic matter and those types of human behavior that are purely reflex, that are simply involuntary responses to certain stimuli. Human action, on the other hand, can be meaningfully interpreted by other men, for it is governed by a certain purpose that the actor has in view. The purpose of a man’s act is his end; the desire to achieve this end is the man’s motive for instituting the action.

All human beings act by virtue of their existence and their nature as human beings.3 We could not conceive of human beings who do not act purposefully, who have no ends in view that they desire and attempt to attain. Things that did not act, that did not behave purposefully, would no longer be classified as human.

It is this fundamental truth—this axiom of human action—that forms the key to our study. The entire realm of praxeology and its best developed subdivision, economics, is based on an analysis of the necessary logical implications of this concept.

The fact that men act by virtue of their being human is indisputable and incontrovertible. To assume the contrary would be an absurdity. The contrary—the absence of motivated behavior— would apply only to plants and inorganic matter.