Algorithms are presented in seven groups or kingdoms distilled from the broader fields of study

1. Stochastic Algorithms that focus on the introduction of randomness into heuristic methods.
2. Evolutionary Algorithms inspired by evolution by means of natural selection.
3. Physical Algorithms inspired by physical and social systems.
4. Probabilistic Algorithms that focus on methods that build models and estimate distributions in search domains.
5. Swarm Algorithms that focus on methods that exploit the properties of collective intelligence.
6. Immune Algorithms inspired by the adaptive immune system of vertebrates.
7. Neural Algorithms inspired by the plasticity and learning qualities of the human nervous system.